涵盖词汇： 约 150 个核心环境相关词汇
本资料系统梳理了雅思考试中与“环境”话题密切相关的重点词汇，涵盖气候变化、污染、生物多样性、资源管理、可持续发展、环保行动等多个维度。每个词条包含英文单词/短语、词性、英文释义、中文释义、用法介绍及中英双语例句，助力您在写作和口语中精准、流利地表达环境观点。
1. Climate Change [n.]
Long-term alteration in Earth's climate patterns, particularly a change due to an increase in global temperature.
气候变化 【 与 global warming 相关但更广泛，指长期气候模式的改变。 】
Climate change is causing more frequent and severe extreme weather events.
气候变化正导致更频繁、更严重的极端天气事件。
2. Global Warming [n.]
The long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.
全球变暖 【 特指气温上升，是气候变化的主要表现。 】
The primary cause of global warming is the increase in greenhouse gases.
全球变暖的主要原因是温室气体的增加。
3. Greenhouse Effect [n.]
The trapping of the sun's warmth in the lower atmosphere due to greenhouse gases.
温室效应
The greenhouse effect is a natural process, but human activities have intensified it.
温室效应是一种自然过程，但人类活动加剧了它。
4. Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) [n.]
Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O).
温室气体
Burning fossil fuels releases large amounts of greenhouse gases.
燃烧化石燃料会释放大量温室气体。
5. Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) [n.]
A colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.
二氧化碳 【 最主要的温室气体。 】
Reducing carbon dioxide emissions is crucial for mitigating climate change.
减少二氧化碳排放对于缓解气候变化至关重要。
6. Methane (CH₄) [n.]
A colorless, odorless flammable gas, a potent greenhouse gas emitted by livestock and landfills.
甲烷
Methane has a much higher global warming potential than CO₂ over the short term.
甲烷在短期内的全球变暖潜能远高于二氧化碳。
7. Carbon Footprint [n.]
The total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly support human activities.
碳足迹 【 用于衡量个人、组织或产品的环境影响。 】
Taking public transportation can significantly reduce your carbon footprint.
乘坐公共交通工具可以显著减少你的碳足迹。
8. Carbon Emissions [n.]
The release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
碳排放
Governments must implement policies to reduce carbon emissions.
政府必须实施政策以减少碳排放。
9. Emissions [n.]
Substances discharged into the air, especially pollutants.
排放物
Strict regulations are needed to control industrial emissions.
需要严格的法规来控制工业排放。
10. Fossil Fuels [n.]
Natural fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
化石燃料
Our dependence on fossil fuels is a major driver of climate change.
我们对化石燃料的依赖是气候变化的主要驱动因素。
11. Renewable Energy [n.]
Energy from sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, or hydro power.
可再生能源
Transitioning to renewable energy is essential for a sustainable future.
向可再生能源过渡对于可持续未来至关重要。
12. Clean Energy [n.]
Energy that produces little or no pollution, especially greenhouse gases.
清洁能源 【 与 renewable energy 常互换使用，但更强调无污染。 】
Investing in clean energy creates jobs and protects the environment.
投资清洁能源可以创造就业并保护环境。
13. Mitigation [n.]
Action to reduce or prevent the emission of greenhouse gases.
减缓，缓解（气候变化） 【 与 adaptation 相对。 】
Climate change mitigation strategies include energy efficiency and reforestation.
气候变化缓解策略包括提高能源效率和重新造林。
14. Adaptation [n.]
Adjusting to actual or expected climate change and its effects.
适应（气候变化）【 应对已发生或预期的气候变化。 】
Coastal cities need adaptation plans to deal with rising sea levels.
沿海城市需要适应计划来应对海平面上升。
15. Sea Level Rise [n.]
The increase in the average level of the world's oceans, primarily due to melting ice and thermal expansion of water.
海平面上升
Sea level rise threatens low-lying islands and coastal communities.
海平面上升威胁着低洼岛屿和沿海社区。
16. Melting Ice Caps [n.]
The process of polar ice caps (in the Arctic and Antarctic) shrinking due to rising temperatures.
冰盖融化
Melting ice caps contribute to sea level rise and disrupt polar ecosystems.
冰盖融化导致海平面上升并破坏极地生态系统。
17. Extreme Weather [n.]
Unusually severe or unseasonal weather, such as hurricanes, droughts, floods, and heatwaves.
极端天气
Climate change is linked to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather.
气候变化与极端天气的频率和强度增加有关。
18. Drought [n.]
A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.
干旱
Droughts can devastate agriculture and lead to water scarcity.
干旱会破坏农业并导致水资源短缺。
19. Flood [n.]
An overflow of water that submerges land which is usually dry.
洪水
Urban flooding is becoming more common due to climate change and poor drainage.
由于气候变化和排水不畅，城市洪水正变得越来越普遍。
20. Heatwave [n.]
A prolonged period of excessively hot weather.
热浪
Heatwaves pose serious health risks, especially to the elderly.
热浪对健康构成严重威胁，尤其是对老年人。
21. Hurricane / Typhoon / Cyclone [n.]
A severe tropical storm with strong winds and heavy rain. (Different names in different regions)
飓风/台风/气旋
Hurricanes can cause widespread destruction when they make landfall.
飓风登陆时会造成大范围破坏。
1. Pollution [n.]
The presence in or introduction into the environment of substances or things that have harmful or poisonous effects.
污染
Air pollution in major cities is a serious public health concern.
大城市的空气污染是一个严重的公共卫生问题。
2. Air Pollution [n.]
Contamination of the air by harmful substances.
空气污染
Vehicle exhaust is a major source of urban air pollution.
汽车尾气是城市空气污染的主要来源。
3. Water Pollution [n.]
Contamination of water bodies (lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers).
水污染
Industrial waste discharge is a significant cause of water pollution.
工业废水排放是水污染的重要原因。
4. Soil Pollution [n.]
Contamination of soil by harmful chemicals or waste.
土壤污染
Pesticides and heavy metals can lead to severe soil pollution.
农药和重金属会导致严重的土壤污染。
5. Noise Pollution [n.]
Disturbing or excessive noise that may harm the activity or balance of human or animal life.
噪音污染
Noise pollution from traffic and construction can affect sleep and concentration.
交通和建筑噪音污染会影响睡眠和注意力。
6. Light Pollution [n.]
Excessive, misdirected, or obtrusive artificial light.
光污染
Light pollution disrupts ecosystems and makes it difficult to see stars.
光污染破坏生态系统，使人难以看到星星。
7. Plastic Pollution [n.]
Accumulation of plastic objects and particles in the environment.
塑料污染
Plastic pollution in oceans is harming marine life.
海洋中的塑料污染正在危害海洋生物。
8. Litter [n.]
Small amounts of waste, such as paper, cans, or bottles, left in a public place.
垃圾（乱扔的）
It's irresponsible to litter in natural areas.
在自然区域乱扔垃圾是不负责任的。
9. Littering [n.]
The act of dropping litter in a public place.
乱扔垃圾的行为
Fines for littering should be increased to deter the behavior.
应提高乱扔垃圾的罚款以阻止这种行为。
10. Waste [n.]
Materials discarded as no longer useful or required.
废物，垃圾
Reducing waste generation is a key environmental goal.
减少废物产生是关键的环境目标。
11. Waste Disposal [n.]
The process of getting rid of waste.
废物处理
Safe waste disposal methods are essential to prevent pollution.
安全的废物处理方法对于防止污染至关重要。
12. Landfill [n.]
A site for the disposal of waste materials by burial.
垃圾填埋场
Landfills can produce methane and leachate, polluting soil and water.
垃圾填埋场会产生甲烷和渗滤液，污染土壤和水源。
13. Incineration [n.]
The process of burning waste material.
焚烧
Incineration reduces waste volume but can release harmful pollutants if not properly controlled.
焚烧可以减少废物体积，但如果控制不当，可能会释放有害污染物。
14. Toxic [adj.]
Poisonous; harmful.
有毒的
Industrial processes often produce toxic chemicals.
工业过程经常产生有毒化学品。
15. Toxic Waste [n.]
Waste material that is dangerous or potentially harmful to health or the environment.
有毒废物
Strict regulations govern the handling and disposal of toxic waste.
严格的规定规范了有毒废物的处理和处置。
16. Chemical Spill [n.]
An accidental release of a hazardous chemical substance.
化学品泄漏
A chemical spill in a river can have devastating effects on aquatic life.
河流中的化学品泄漏可能对水生生物造成毁灭性影响。
17. Smog [n.]
A type of intense air pollution, often a mixture of smoke and fog.
烟雾
Beijing frequently experiences hazardous smog levels in winter.
北京在冬季经常出现危险的烟雾水平。
18. Acid Rain [n.]
Rain made acidic by atmospheric pollution (mainly sulfur and nitrogen compounds), which damages plants and aquatic life.
酸雨
Acid rain has damaged forests and lakes in many regions.
酸雨已破坏了许多地区的森林和湖泊。
19. Ozone Depletion [n.]
The thinning of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, primarily caused by CFCs.
臭氧层耗竭
The Montreal Protocol helped reduce ozone depletion by phasing out CFCs.
《蒙特利尔议定书》通过逐步淘汰氟氯化碳帮助减少了臭氧层耗竭。
20. Ozone Layer [n.]
A layer in the Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the sun's ultraviolet radiation.
臭氧层
Protecting the ozone layer is vital for preventing skin cancer.
保护臭氧层对于预防皮肤癌至关重要。
1. Biodiversity [n.]
The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
生物多样性
High biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem resilience.
高生物多样性对于生态系统的恢复力至关重要。
2. Species [n.]
A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
物种
Thousands of species are threatened with extinction.
数千个物种面临灭绝的威胁。
3. Extinction [n.]
The state or process of a species, family, or larger group being or becoming extinct.
灭绝
The current rate of extinction is much higher than the natural background rate.
当前的灭绝速度远高于自然背景速度。
4. Endangered Species [n.]
A species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future.
濒危物种
The panda is an iconic endangered species.
大熊猫是一种标志性的濒危物种。
5. Threatened Species [n.]
A species likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future.
受威胁物种
Habitat loss is the primary threat to many threatened species.
栖息地丧失是许多受威胁物种的主要威胁。
6. Habitat [n.]
The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
栖息地
Deforestation destroys the habitat of countless species.
森林砍伐破坏了无数物种的栖息地。
7. Habitat Loss [n.]
The destruction or degradation of a species' natural environment.
栖息地丧失
Urban expansion is a major cause of habitat loss.
城市扩张是栖息地丧失的主要原因。
8. Habitat Fragmentation [n.]
The process by which large, continuous habitats are divided into smaller, isolated patches.
栖息地破碎化
Habitat fragmentation isolates animal populations and reduces genetic diversity.
栖息地破碎化使动物种群隔离并降低遗传多样性。
9. Ecosystem [n.]
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
生态系统
Coral reefs are complex and fragile ecosystems.
珊瑚礁是复杂而脆弱的生态系统。
10. Deforestation [n.]
The clearing of forests, typically for agriculture or development.
森林砍伐
Deforestation contributes to climate change and biodiversity loss.
森林砍伐导致气候变化和生物多样性丧失。
11. Reforestation [n.]
The process of replanting trees in an area where a forest has been cut down.
重新造林
Reforestation projects aim to restore degraded landscapes.
重新造林项目旨在恢复退化的景观。
12. Afforestation [n.]
The process of planting trees in an area where there was no forest.
植树造林
Afforestation can help sequester carbon dioxide.
植树造林有助于封存二氧化碳。
13. Desertification [n.]
The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
荒漠化
Desertification reduces agricultural productivity and displaces communities.
荒漠化降低了农业生产力并迫使社区迁移。
14. Wetland [n.]
An area of land consisting of marshes or swamps; saturated with water.
湿地
Wetlands provide important ecosystem services like water filtration and flood control.
湿地提供重要的生态系统服务，如水过滤和防洪。
15. Coral Reef [n.]
A large underwater structure composed of the skeletons of marine animals, found in warm, shallow seas.
珊瑚礁
Coral reefs are highly sensitive to changes in water temperature and acidity.
珊瑚礁对水温和酸度的变化非常敏感。
16. Overfishing [n.]
The action of catching fish faster than they can reproduce.
过度捕捞
Overfishing has depleted many fish stocks worldwide.
过度捕捞已耗尽了全球许多鱼类资源。
17. Invasive Species [n.]
A species that is not native to a particular ecosystem and causes harm to the environment, economy, or human health.
入侵物种
Invasive species can outcompete native species for resources.
入侵物种可能会在资源上排挤本地物种。
18. Conservation [n.]
The protection of natural resources and the environment.
保护
Wildlife conservation efforts are essential to protect endangered animals.
野生动物保护工作对于保护濒危动物至关重要。
19. Preservation [n.]
The act of keeping something in its original state, often by protecting it from harm.
保存，保护
National parks play a key role in the preservation of natural landscapes.
国家公园在保护自然景观方面发挥着关键作用。
20. Protected Area [n.]
A clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated, and managed to achieve the long-term conservation of nature.
保护区
Establishing more protected areas is a strategy for conserving biodiversity.
建立更多保护区是保护生物多样性的策略。
21. Wildlife [n.]
Animals living in a natural state, especially mammals, birds, and reptiles.
野生动物
Poaching poses a serious threat to wildlife.
偷猎对野生动物构成严重威胁。
22. Poaching [n.]
The illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals.
偷猎
International cooperation is needed to combat poaching.
需要国际合作来打击偷猎。
1. Sustainability [n.]
The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level; avoiding the depletion of natural resources.
可持续性
Sustainable development aims to meet present needs without compromising future generations.
可持续发展旨在满足当代需求，而不损害后代的需求。
2. Sustainable [adj.]
Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level; conserving an ecological balance.
可持续的
We need to adopt more sustainable agricultural practices.
我们需要采用更可持续的农业实践。
3. Sustainable Development [n.]
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
可持续发展
The United Nations promotes sustainable development goals (SDGs).
联合国促进可持续发展目标（SDGs）。
4. Natural Resources [n.]
Materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain.
自然资源
The overexploitation of natural resources is unsustainable.
对自然资源的过度开发是不可持续的。
5. Non-renewable Resources [n.]
Resources that cannot be easily replenished, such as fossil fuels and minerals.
不可再生资源
We must conserve non-renewable resources for essential uses.
我们必须为必要用途节约不可再生资源。
6. Renewable Resources [n.]
Resources that can be replenished naturally, such as solar energy, wind, and timber (if managed sustainably).
可再生资源
Investing in renewable resources is key to a sustainable energy future.
投资可再生资源是可持续能源未来的关键。
7. Resource Depletion [n.]
The consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished.
资源枯竭
Resource depletion can lead to conflicts and economic instability.
资源枯竭可能导致冲突和经济不稳定。
8. Overconsumption [n.]
Consumption of a resource to excess.
过度消费
Overconsumption of goods contributes to waste and pollution.
商品的过度消费导致浪费和污染。
9. Overexploitation [n.]
The action of exploiting a resource too intensely.
过度开发
Overexploitation of fisheries has led to the collapse of some fish populations.
对渔业的过度开发已导致一些鱼类种群崩溃。
10. Water Scarcity [n.]
The lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region.
水资源短缺
Water scarcity is a growing problem in arid regions.
水资源短缺是干旱地区日益严重的问题。
11. Water Conservation [n.]
The practice of using water efficiently to reduce unnecessary water usage.
节水
Simple measures like fixing leaks contribute to water conservation.
修理漏水等简单措施有助于节约用水。
12. Water Resources [n.]
Sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to humans.
水资源
Managing water resources sustainably is a global challenge.
可持续地管理水资源是一项全球性挑战。
13. Aquifer [n.]
An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures, or unconsolidated materials.
含水层
Over-pumping aquifers for agriculture can lead to their depletion.
为农业过度抽取含水层可能导致其枯竭。
14. Recycling [n.]
The process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects.
回收利用
Recycling helps conserve resources and reduce landfill waste.
回收利用有助于节约资源并减少垃圾填埋场的废物。
15. Recyclable [adj.]
Capable of being recycled.
可回收的
Always check if packaging is recyclable before disposal.
处置前请务必检查包装是否可回收。
16. Composting [n.]
The process of recycling organic waste (like food scraps and yard waste) into a valuable fertilizer.
堆肥
Composting at home reduces organic waste sent to landfills.
在家堆肥可以减少送往垃圾填埋场的有机废物。
17. Upcycling [n.]
The process of transforming by-products, waste materials, or unwanted products into new materials or products of better quality or for better environmental value.
升级回收
Upcycling old furniture is a creative way to reduce waste.
将旧家具升级回收是减少废物的一种创意方式。
18. Circular Economy [n.]
An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources.
循环经济
The circular economy model promotes reuse, repair, and recycling.
循环经济模式提倡重复使用、维修和回收。
19. Linear Economy [n.]
An economic model based on a 'take, make, dispose' approach to resources.
线性经济
The linear economy is wasteful and unsustainable.
线性经济是浪费且不可持续的。
20. Footprint [n.]
Often used in compounds like carbon footprint or ecological footprint, indicating environmental impact.
足迹（指影响）
Reducing our ecological footprint is essential for planetary health.
减少我们的生态足迹对于地球健康至关重要。
21. Ecological Footprint [n.]
A measure of human demand on Earth's ecosystems.
生态足迹
The average ecological footprint varies greatly between countries.
平均生态足迹在不同国家之间差异很大。
22. Carrying Capacity [n.]
The maximum population size of a species that an environment can sustain indefinitely.
承载能力
Human activities are exceeding the Earth's carrying capacity.
人类活动正在超过地球的承载能力。
1. Environmental Protection [n.]
Measures taken to protect the natural environment.
环境保护
Strong environmental protection laws are needed.
需要强有力的环境保护法律。
2. Environmental Awareness [n.]
Knowledge and understanding of environmental issues.
环境意识
Raising environmental awareness is the first step towards action.
提高环境意识是采取行动的第一步。
3. Environmentalist [n.]
A person who is concerned with the protection of the natural environment.
环保主义者
Many environmentalists campaign against deforestation.
许多环保主义者反对森林砍伐。
4. Environmental Movement [n.]
A social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world.
环保运动
The environmental movement has gained momentum globally.
环保运动在全球范围内势头增强。
5. Activism [n.]
Action to achieve political or social change, especially campaigning for a particular cause.
行动主义
Youth climate activism has brought significant attention to the crisis.
青年气候行动主义引起了对气候危机的重大关注。
6. Campaign
n./v.
(n.) An organized course of action to achieve a particular goal; (v.) to work in an organized and active way towards a goal.
(n.) 活动，运动；(v.) 发起运动
The organization launched a campaign to ban single-use plastics. (n.) / They are campaigning for stricter pollution controls. (v.)
该组织发起了禁止一次性塑料的活动。(n.) / 他们正在为更严格的污染控制而奔走。(v.)
7. Advocate
v./n.
(v.) to publicly support or recommend a particular cause; (n.) a person who publicly supports a cause.
(v.) 倡导，提倡；(n.) 倡导者
Scientists advocate for immediate action on climate change. (v.) / She is a strong advocate for renewable energy. (n.)
科学家们倡导立即采取行动应对气候变化。(v.) / 她是可再生能源的坚定倡导者。(n.)
8. Sustainable Living [n.]
A lifestyle that attempts to reduce an individual's or society's use of the Earth's natural resources.
可持续生活
Sustainable living includes reducing consumption and using public transport.
可持续生活包括减少消费和使用公共交通工具。
9. Go Green
v.
To adopt environmentally friendly practices.
绿色生活，环保
Many companies are going green by reducing their energy use.
许多公司通过减少能源使用来实现绿色化。
10. Carbon Tax [n.]
A tax levied on the carbon content of fuels, intended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
碳税
Implementing a carbon tax can incentivize businesses to reduce emissions.
实施碳税可以激励企业减少排放。
11. Cap-and-Trade [n.]
A government-regulated system that sets a limit (cap) on emissions and allows companies to buy and sell allowances (trade) to emit pollutants.
总量控制与交易（碳排放权交易）
The cap-and-trade system aims to reduce emissions cost-effectively.
总量控制与交易系统旨在以具有成本效益的方式减少排放。
12. Subsidy [n.]
A sum of money granted by the government or a public body to help an industry or business keep the price of a commodity or service low.
补贴
Governments should shift subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable energy.
政府应将补贴从化石燃料转向可再生能源。
13. Regulation [n.]
A rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.
法规，规章
Environmental regulations are essential to control industrial pollution.
环境法规对于控制工业污染至关重要。
14. Policy [n.]
A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organization or government.
政策
Effective environmental policy requires international cooperation.
有效的环境政策需要国际合作。
15. International Agreement [n.]
A formal arrangement between countries on a particular issue.
国际协定
The Paris Agreement is a key international agreement on climate change.
《巴黎协定》是关于气候变化的一项关键国际协定。
16. Paris Agreement [n.]
An international treaty on climate change, adopted in 2015, aiming to limit global warming.
《巴黎协定》
Countries that signed the Paris Agreement committed to reducing their emissions.
签署《巴黎协定》的国家承诺减少其排放。
17. Kyoto Protocol [n.]
An earlier international treaty (1997) that committed industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
《京都议定书》
The Kyoto Protocol set binding emission reduction targets for developed nations.
《京都议定书》为发达国家设定了具有约束力的减排目标。
18. Montreal Protocol [n.]
An international treaty (1987) designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out substances that deplete it.
《蒙特利尔议定书》
The Montreal Protocol is considered a successful example of global environmental cooperation.
《蒙特利尔议定书》被认为是全球环境合作成功的典范。
19. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) [n.]
A process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development.
环境影响评估
An EIA must be conducted before major construction projects can proceed.
在主要建设项目开始之前必须进行环境影响评估。
20. Carbon Neutral [adj.]
Having a net zero carbon footprint; achieved by balancing emissions of carbon dioxide with its removal or offsetting.
碳中和
The company aims to become carbon neutral by 2030.
该公司旨在到2030年实现碳中和。
21. Carbon Offsetting [n.]
Compensating for the emission of carbon dioxide by participating in schemes designed to make equivalent reductions elsewhere.
碳抵消
Flying passengers can pay for carbon offsetting to mitigate the impact of their travel.
飞行乘客可以支付碳抵消费用来减轻其旅行的影响。
22. Renewable Energy Target [n.]
A goal set by a government or organization for the percentage of energy to be generated from renewable sources by a certain date.
可再生能源目标
The country has set an ambitious renewable energy target of 50% by 2030.
该国设定了到2030年可再生能源占比50%的宏伟目标。
1. Climate Crisis [n.]
A term emphasizing the urgency and severity of climate change.
气候危机
比 climate change 更强调紧迫性和严重性。
We are facing a climate crisis that requires immediate and drastic action.
我们正面临一场需要立即采取果断行动的气候危机。
2. Environmental Degradation [n.]
The deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources, destruction of ecosystems, habitat destruction, etc.
环境退化
Environmental degradation undermines the foundation of human well-being.
环境退化破坏了人类福祉的基础。
3. Resilience [n.]
The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness. (In environment: ability to withstand and recover from disturbances)
恢复力，韧性
Building resilient communities is key to adapting to climate change impacts.
建立有韧性的社区是适应气候变化影响的关键。
4. Adaptation Strategies [n.]
Plans and actions to adjust to the effects of climate change.
适应策略
Coastal cities are developing adaptation strategies like building sea walls.
沿海城市正在制定建造海堤等适应策略。
5. Mitigation Strategies [n.]
Plans and actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
缓解策略
Mitigation strategies include transitioning to renewable energy and improving energy efficiency.
缓解策略包括向可再生能源过渡和提高能源效率。
6. Green Technology [n.]
Technology designed to minimize or reduce negative impacts on the environment.
绿色技术
Green technology offers solutions for clean energy and pollution control.
绿色技术为清洁能源和污染控制提供了解决方案。
7. Sustainable Innovation [n.]
Innovation that meets the needs of the present without compromising the future, often through new technologies or processes.
可持续创新
Sustainable innovation is driving the development of electric vehicles.
可持续创新正在推动电动汽车的发展。
8. Urban Planning [n.]
The process of designing and regulating the use of space in cities.
城市规划
Sustainable urban planning promotes public transport and green spaces.
可持续城市规划促进公共交通和绿地。
9. Green Infrastructure [n.]
Natural or semi-natural systems (like parks, green roofs, wetlands) used to provide environmental services.
绿色基础设施
Green infrastructure helps manage stormwater and reduce urban heat.
绿色基础设施有助于管理雨水和减少城市热岛效应。
10. Smart Grid [n.]
An electricity supply network that uses digital communications technology to detect and react to local changes in usage.
智能电网
Smart grids improve the efficiency and reliability of renewable energy integration.
智能电网提高了可再生能源整合的效率和可靠性。
11. Energy Efficiency [n.]
Using less energy to perform the same task.
能源效率
Improving energy efficiency is a cost-effective way to reduce emissions.
提高能源效率是减少排放的一种经济有效的方式。
12. Low-carbon Economy [n.]
An economy that produces little or no greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide.
低碳经济
Transitioning to a low-carbon economy is essential for climate stability.
向低碳经济转型对于气候稳定至关重要。
13. Climate Justice [n.]
A concept that frames climate change as an ethical and political issue, recognizing that those who are least responsible for climate change often suffer its worst impacts.
气候正义
Climate justice demands that wealthy nations support vulnerable countries in adaptation.
气候正义要求富裕国家支持脆弱国家适应气候变化。
14. Intergenerational Equity [n.]
The concept that present generations should preserve the natural and cultural environment in good condition for future generations.
代际公平
Environmental protection is a matter of intergenerational equity.
环境保护是代际公平的问题。
主题化学习： 按照本资料的分类（气候变化、污染、生物多样性、资源、行动、未来）进行学习，构建清晰的知识框架。
理解核心概念： 重点掌握 climate change, sustainability, biodiversity, pollution, renewable energy, carbon footprint 等核心概念及其相关词汇。
区分近义词与反义词： 注意 mitigation vs adaptation, renewable vs non-renewable, conservation vs preservation, sustainable vs unsustainable 的区别。
掌握搭配 (Collocations)： 学习常用搭配，如 combat climate change, reduce emissions, protect biodiversity, conserve resources, raise awareness, implement policies, achieve carbon neutrality。
练习论述： 使用这些词汇就环境话题（如“个人 vs 政府在环保中的责任”、“发展与环保的平衡”、“可再生能源的利弊”）进行写作和口语练习，练习提出论点、论据和解决方案。
关注数据与趋势： 在写作中，适当引用一些公认的环境趋势（如全球变暖趋势、物种灭绝速度）可以增强论证力度（但避免编造具体数据）。
拓展阅读：