涵盖词汇： 约 150 个核心文化相关词汇
本资料系统梳理了雅思考试中与“文化”话题密切相关的重点词汇，涵盖文化概念、文化表现形式、文化传承与变迁、跨文化交流、艺术与娱乐、教育与文化、全球化与文化等多个维度。每个词条包含英文单词/短语、词性、英文释义、中文释义、用法介绍及中英双语例句，助力您在写作和口语中精准、流利地探讨文化多样性、文化认同、文化冲突与融合等复杂议题。
1.Culture [n.]
The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively; the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group.
文化【 最核心的词汇，指人类社会的总和成就与生活方式。 】
Culture shapes how people perceive the world and interact with others.
文化塑造了人们看待世界和与他人互动的方式。
2.Cultural Identity [n.]
A person's sense of belonging to a particular culture or group.
文化认同
Developing a strong cultural identity can provide individuals with a sense of security and belonging.
建立强烈的文化认同感可以为个人提供安全感和归属感。
3.Cultural Heritage [n.]
The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society passed down from generation to generation.
文化遗产
Preserving cultural heritage is vital for maintaining a nation's history and identity.
保护文化遗产对于维护一个国家的历史和身份至关重要。
4.Tangible Heritage [n.]
Physical artifacts such as buildings, monuments, artworks, and archaeological sites.
有形遗产
The Great Wall is a significant example of China's tangible heritage.
长城是中国有形遗产的重要例证。
5.Intangible Heritage [n.]
Non-physical aspects such as traditions, oral history, performing arts, social practices, rituals, and knowledge.
无形遗产
Traditional Chinese opera is recognized as part of humanity's intangible cultural heritage.
中国传统戏曲被认定为人类非物质文化遗产的一部分。
6.Tradition [n.]
A custom or belief that has been established for a long time and passed on through generations.
传统
Many cultural traditions are celebrated during festivals.
许多文化传统在节日期间得到庆祝。
7.Custom [n.]
A practice or habit specific to a particular society or group.
风俗，习俗 【 与 tradition 近义，但更侧重具体行为。 】
It is a custom in Japan to bow when greeting someone.
在日本，见面时鞠躬是一种习俗。
8.Value [n.]
Principles or standards of behavior considered important by a culture or individual.
价值观
Family values are highly emphasized in many Asian cultures.
家庭价值观在许多亚洲文化中备受重视。
9.Norm [n.]
An accepted standard or pattern of behavior within a society.
规范
Social norms regarding punctuality vary across cultures.
关于守时的社会规范因文化而异。
10.Belief [n.]
Something accepted as true or real, often related to religion or philosophy.
信仰，信念
Religious beliefs influence many aspects of daily life.
宗教信仰影响着日常生活的许多方面。
11.Worldview [n.]
A particular philosophy of life or conception of the world.
世界观
Different cultures have distinct worldviews that shape their understanding of nature and humanity.
不同文化拥有塑造其对自然和人类理解的独特世界观。
12.Ethnocentrism [n.]
The belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture.
民族中心主义
Ethnocentrism can lead to misunderstanding and conflict in cross-cultural interactions.
民族中心主义可能导致跨文化交流中的误解和冲突。
13.Cultural Relativism [n.]
The principle that an individual's beliefs and activities should be understood based on that individual's own culture.
文化相对主义
Cultural relativism encourages tolerance and respect for cultural differences.
文化相对主义鼓励对文化差异的宽容和尊重。
14.Stereotype [n.]
A widely held but oversimplified and often inaccurate image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
刻板印象
Avoiding stereotypes is essential for genuine cross-cultural understanding.
避免刻板印象是实现真正跨文化理解的关键。
15.Prejudice [n.]
A preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience, often negative.
偏见
Prejudice against immigrants can hinder social integration.
对移民的偏见会阻碍社会融合。
1.Art [n.]
The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form.
艺术
Art reflects the values and history of a society.
艺术反映了一个社会的价值观和历史。
2.Fine Arts [n.]
Arts such as painting, sculpture, and architecture, considered to have aesthetic value.
美术
Museums often house collections of fine arts.
博物馆通常收藏美术作品。
3.Craft [n.]
An activity involving skill in making things by hand.
手工艺
Traditional crafts like pottery and weaving are important cultural expressions.
陶艺和编织等传统手工艺是重要的文化表达形式。
4.Folk Art [n.]
Art produced by ordinary people, reflecting the traditions of a community.
民间艺术
Folk art often uses local materials and motifs.
民间艺术通常使用当地材料和图案。
5.Music [n.]
Vocal or instrumental sounds combined in a way that expresses ideas and emotions.
音乐
Music is a universal language that transcends cultural boundaries.
音乐是一种超越文化界限的通用语言。
6.Traditional Music [n.]
Music that is passed down through generations within a culture.
传统音乐
Listening to traditional music helps preserve cultural heritage.
聆听传统音乐有助于保护文化遗产。
7.Classical Music [n.]
A formal tradition of Western music, often complex and structured.
古典音乐
Classical music concerts are held in prestigious concert halls.
古典音乐会通常在著名的音乐厅举行。
8.Popular Music (Pop) [n.]
Music that is widely appealing and commercially produced.
流行音乐
Popular music often reflects contemporary social trends.
流行音乐通常反映当代社会趋势。
9.Dance [n.]
A series of movements performed to music.
舞蹈
Cultural dances are often performed during festivals and ceremonies.
文化舞蹈通常在节日和仪式上表演。
10.Theatre [n.]
The art or activity of writing, producing, and performing plays.
戏剧
Theatre provides a platform for exploring social and cultural issues.
戏剧为探讨社会和文化问题提供了平台。
11.Cinema [n.]
The art of making films; the movies.
电影
Cinema is a powerful medium for cultural storytelling.
电影是文化叙事的强大媒介。
12.Literature [n.]
Written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.
文学
World literature offers insights into diverse cultural perspectives.
世界文学提供了洞察不同文化视角的机会。
13.Folklore [n.]
Traditional stories, legends, and myths passed down orally.
民间传说
Folklore often explains natural phenomena or teaches moral lessons.
民间传说通常解释自然现象或传授道德教训。
14.Mythology [n.]
A collection of myths, especially one belonging to a particular religious or cultural tradition.
神话
Greek mythology is rich with stories of gods and heroes.
希腊神话充满了关于神和英雄的故事。
15.Cuisine [n.]
A style or method of cooking, especially as characteristic of a particular country, region, or people.
烹饪，菜系
French cuisine is renowned for its sophistication and variety.
法国菜以其精致和多样性而闻名。
16.Culinary [adj.]
Related to cooking or kitchens.
烹饪的
Culinary traditions are an integral part of cultural identity.
烹饪传统是文化认同的重要组成部分。
17.Festival [n.]
A day or period of celebration, often linked to religious or cultural events.
节日
Festivals are vibrant expressions of cultural heritage.
节日是文化遗产的生动表达。
18.Celebration [n.]
A joyful activity or occasion, often marking a significant event.
庆祝
Cultural celebrations strengthen community bonds.
文化庆祝活动加强了社区联系。
19.Ritual [n.]
A religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order.
仪式
Rituals mark important life events such as births, marriages, and deaths.
仪式标志着出生、婚姻和死亡等重要人生事件。
20.Ceremony [n.]
A formal religious or social occasion.
典礼
Graduation ceremonies are important milestones in a student's life.
毕业典礼是学生人生中的重要里程碑。
21.Symbol [n.]
A mark or object used to represent something else, often an idea or quality.
象征
The dove is a universal symbol of peace.
鸽子是和平的普遍象征。
22.National Symbol [n.]
An emblem or image that represents a country (e.g., flag, animal).
国家象征
The bald eagle is a national symbol of the United States.
白头鹰是美国的国家象征。
1.Cultural Transmission [n.]
The process of passing on culture from one generation to the next.
文化传承
Parents and schools play a crucial role in cultural transmission.
父母和学校在文化传承中发挥着至关重要的作用。
2.Acculturation [n.]
The process of cultural and psychological change that results from contact between different cultural groups.
文化适应
Immigrants often experience acculturation as they adapt to a new society.
移民在适应新社会时常常经历文化适应。
3.Assimilation [n.]
The process of fully adopting the culture of another group, losing one's original cultural identity.
同化
Complete assimilation can lead to the erosion of minority cultures.
完全同化可能导致少数文化的侵蚀。
4.Integration [n.]
The process of becoming a part of a group or society while maintaining aspects of one's original culture.
融合
Successful integration allows immigrants to contribute to society while preserving their heritage.
成功的融合使移民能够在保留遗产的同时为社会做出贡献。
5.Cultural Change [n.]
The transformation of culture over time.
文化变迁
Technological advancements are a major driver of cultural change.
技术进步是文化变迁的主要驱动力。
6.Modernization [n.]
The process of adapting to modern ways, often leading to changes in traditional culture.
现代化
Modernization can sometimes threaten traditional cultural practices.
现代化有时会威胁到传统文化实践。
7.Westernization [n.]
The adoption of Western culture, values, and practices.
西化
Critics argue that Westernization leads to cultural homogenization.
批评者认为西化导致文化同质化。
8.Globalization [n.]
The process by which businesses, cultures, and technologies become international in scope.
全球化
Globalization has accelerated cultural exchange and change.
全球化加速了文化交流和变迁。
9.Cultural Homogenization [n.]
The process by which different cultures become similar, often due to globalization.
文化同质化
The spread of fast food chains is seen by some as a sign of cultural homogenization.
快餐连锁店的传播被一些人视为文化同质化的标志。
10.Cultural Diversity [n.]
The existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.
文化多样性
Cultural diversity enriches a society with different perspectives and ideas.
文化多样性通过不同的观点和想法丰富了社会。
11.Multiculturalism [n.]
The coexistence of diverse cultures, where each culture maintains its identity.
多元文化主义
Canada's policy of multiculturalism promotes respect for all cultural backgrounds.
加拿大的多元文化主义政策促进对所有文化背景的尊重。
12.Cultural Erosion [n.]
The gradual loss or weakening of cultural traditions and practices.
文化侵蚀
Language loss is a key indicator of cultural erosion.
语言流失是文化侵蚀的关键指标。
13.Cultural Preservation [n.]
Efforts to protect and maintain cultural heritage and traditions.
文化保护
UNESCO plays a key role in cultural preservation worldwide.
联合国教科文组织在全球文化保护中发挥着关键作用。
14.Cultural Revival [n.]
The process of bringing back or renewing interest in a culture or tradition.
文化复兴
There is a growing movement for the cultural revival of indigenous languages.
正在兴起一场复兴土著语言的文化复兴运动。
15.Cultural Conflict [n.]
Disagreements or tensions arising from cultural differences.
文化冲突
Cultural conflicts can arise over issues like religious practices or gender roles.
文化冲突可能因宗教习俗或性别角色等问题而产生。
16.Cultural Clash [n.]
A sharp disagreement or incompatibility between different cultures.
文化冲突（更激烈）
The clash between traditional and modern values is evident in many societies.
传统价值观与现代价值观之间的冲突在许多社会中显而易见。
17.Cultural Sensitivity [n.]
Awareness of and respect for cultural differences.
文化敏感性
Cultural sensitivity is essential for effective international business.
文化敏感性对于有效的国际商务至关重要。
18.Cultural Awareness [n.]
Understanding that different cultures have different values, beliefs, and behaviors.
文化意识
Developing cultural awareness helps prevent misunderstandings.
培养文化意识有助于防止误解。
1.Intercultural Communication [n.]
Communication between people from different cultural backgrounds.
跨文化交流
Effective intercultural communication requires empathy and open-mindedness.
有效的跨文化交流需要同理心和开放的心态。
2.Language [n.]
A system of communication consisting of words, spoken or written.
语言
Language is a fundamental carrier of culture.
语言是文化的基本载体。
3.Mother Tongue [n.]
A person's native language.
母语
Maintaining one's mother tongue is important for cultural identity.
保持母语对于文化认同很重要。
4.Second Language [n.]
A language learned after one's native language.
第二语言
Learning a second language enhances cognitive skills and cultural understanding.
学习第二语言可以增强认知能力和文化理解。
5.Multilingual [adj.]
Using or able to use several languages.
多语言的
Multilingual individuals have an advantage in globalized workplaces.
多语言人士在全球化工作场所中具有优势。
6.Linguistic Diversity [n.]
The existence of many different languages.
语言多样性
Linguistic diversity is declining globally due to language extinction.
由于语言灭绝，全球语言多样性正在下降。
7.Language Preservation [n.]
Efforts to prevent languages from dying out.
语言保护
Community-led language preservation programs are crucial.
社区主导的语言保护项目至关重要。
8.Language Barrier [n.]
A difficulty in communication caused by people speaking different languages.
语言障碍
Language barriers can hinder access to education and healthcare.
语言障碍会阻碍获得教育和医疗保健。
9.Translation [n.]
The process of converting text from one language to another.
翻译
Accurate translation is vital for sharing cultural works globally.
准确的翻译对于在全球范围内分享文化作品至关重要。
10.Interpretation [n.]
The action of explaining the meaning of something, especially spoken language.
口译
Simultaneous interpretation is used at international conferences.
同声传译用于国际会议。
11.Non-verbal Communication [n.]
Communication through body language, facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice.
非语言交流
Non-verbal communication varies significantly across cultures.
非语言交流在不同文化间差异显著。
12.Body Language [n.]
The process of communicating through body movements.
肢体语言
Understanding body language is key to intercultural communication.
理解肢体语言是跨文化交流的关键。
13.Gesture [n.]
A movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning.
手势
A thumbs-up gesture has different meanings in different cultures.
竖起大拇指的手势在不同文化中有不同的含义。
14.Etiquette [n.]
The customary code of polite behavior in society or among members of a particular profession or group.
礼仪
Business etiquette differs between countries.
商务礼仪因国家而异。
15.Diplomacy [n.]
The art of dealing with people in a sensitive and tactful way, especially in international relations.
外交，圆滑处事
Cultural diplomacy fosters mutual understanding between nations.
文化外交促进国家间的相互理解。
1.Entertainment [n.]
An activity designed to give pleasure and relaxation.
娱乐
Television is a major source of entertainment for many people.
电视是许多人娱乐的主要来源。
2.Popular Culture (Pop Culture) [n.]
The prevailing ideas, attitudes, and perspectives of a society, especially as reflected in mass media.
流行文化
Social media has a profound influence on popular culture.
社交媒体对流行文化有深远影响。
3.Mass Media [n.]
Media technologies that are designed to reach a large audience (e.g., TV, radio, newspapers).
大众媒体
Mass media shapes public opinion and cultural trends.
大众媒体塑造公众舆论和文化趋势。
4.Social Media [n.]
Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content.
社交媒体
Social media platforms have become powerful tools for cultural expression.
社交媒体平台已成为文化表达的强大工具。
5.Influence [n.]
The capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something.
影响力
The influence of Western media on youth culture is significant.
西方媒体对青年文化的影响是显著的。
6.Representation [n.]
The portrayal or depiction of someone or something in a particular way, especially in media.
表征，描绘
Accurate representation of diverse cultures in films is important.
电影中对多元文化的准确描绘很重要。
7.Stereotyping [n.]
The act of portraying a person or group based on oversimplified and often inaccurate characteristics.
刻板印象（行为）
Media stereotyping can perpetuate harmful biases.
媒体刻板印象会延续有害的偏见。
8.Censorship [n.]
The suppression or prohibition of any parts of books, films, news, etc. that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security.
审查制度
Censorship of artistic expression can stifle cultural creativity.
对艺术表达的审查会扼杀文化创造力。
9.Freedom of Expression [n.]
The right to express any opinions without censorship or restraint.
言论自由
Freedom of expression is essential for a vibrant cultural life.
言论自由对于充满活力的文化生活至关重要。
10.Patron of the Arts [n.]
A person who supports artists and the arts financially or otherwise.
艺术赞助人
Historically, wealthy individuals and governments have been patrons of the arts.
历史上，富人和政府一直是艺术的赞助人。
11.Cultural Institution [n.]
An organization dedicated to preserving and promoting culture (e.g., museum, library, theater).
文化机构
National cultural institutions play a vital role in education.
国家文化机构在教育中发挥着至关重要的作用。
12.Museum [n.]
An institution that cares for and displays collections of artifacts and artworks.
博物馆
Museums are important repositories of cultural heritage.
博物馆是文化遗产的重要宝库。
13.Gallery [n.]
A room or building for the exhibition of works of art.
画廊
Contemporary art galleries showcase innovative new works.
当代艺术画廊展示创新的新作品。
14.Archive [n.]
A collection of historical documents or records.
档案馆
National archives preserve valuable historical and cultural records.
国家档案馆保存着宝贵的历史和文化记录。
1.Cultural Education [n.]
Education that promotes understanding and appreciation of different cultures.
文化教育
Cultural education in schools fosters tolerance and respect.
学校的文化教育培养宽容和尊重。
2.Curriculum [n.]
The subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college.
课程
Incorporating diverse cultural perspectives into the curriculum is beneficial.
将多元文化视角纳入课程是有益的。
3.Bilingual Education [n.]
Education in which two languages are used to teach academic content.
双语教育
Bilingual education programs support language maintenance and cultural identity.
双语教育项目支持语言维持和文化认同。
4.Globalization [n.]
(见 3. 文化传承、变迁与冲突)
全球化
Globalization facilitates the spread of cultural products like music and films.
全球化促进了音乐和电影等文化产品的传播。
5.Cultural Imperialism [n.]
The practice of promoting and imposing a culture, typically that of a powerful nation, onto a less powerful society.
文化帝国主义
Some view the dominance of Hollywood films as a form of cultural imperialism.
一些人认为好莱坞电影的主导地位是一种文化帝国主义形式。
6.Cultural Exchange [n.]
The sharing of ideas, customs, and arts between different cultures.
文化交流
Student exchange programs promote cultural exchange.
学生交换项目促进文化交流。
7.Cultural Diplomacy [n.]
A form of diplomacy that uses cultural relations to promote national interests.
文化外交
Cultural diplomacy can build bridges between nations.
文化外交可以在国家之间架起桥梁。
8.Cultural Policy [n.]
Government policies designed to support and regulate cultural activities and institutions.
文化政策
Effective cultural policy can support artists and preserve heritage.
有效的文化政策可以支持艺术家和保护遗产。
9.Cultural Funding [n.]
Financial support provided for cultural activities and institutions.
文化资助
Public cultural funding ensures access to the arts for all citizens.
公共文化资助确保所有公民都能享受艺术。
10.Cultural Tourism [n.]
Tourism focused on experiencing the culture of a destination.
文化旅游
Cultural tourism can boost local economies but may also lead to commodification.
文化旅游可以促进当地经济，但也可能导致商品化。
11.Commodification of Culture [n.]
The process of turning cultural elements into commodities for sale.
文化的商品化
The commodification of traditional crafts can undermine their cultural significance.
传统文化工艺品的商品化可能削弱其文化意义。
12.Authenticity [n.]
The quality of being genuine or true to its origins.
真实性
Maintaining the authenticity of cultural practices is a challenge in tourism.
在旅游业中保持文化实践的真实性是一个挑战。
深度理解核心概念： 重点掌握 culture, cultural identity, tradition, value, norm, heritage, diversity, globalization, assimilation, integration 等核心词汇的内涵与外延。
辨析易混淆词： 清晰区分 tradition (传统) vs custom (风俗), assimilation (同化) vs integration (融合), homogenization (同质化) vs diversity (多样性), censorship (审查) vs freedom of expression (言论自由), mother tongue (母语) vs second language (第二语言)。
掌握关键搭配： 熟练运用如 cultural heritage, cultural identity, cultural diversity, cultural exchange, cultural sensitivity, cultural preservation, cultural transmission, intangible heritage, tangible heritage, cultural policy, cultural tourism, language barrier, non-verbal communication 等固定搭配。
构建论述框架：
文化保护 vs. 现代化/全球化： 讨论如何在现代化进程中保护传统文化 (cultural erosion, cultural preservation, cultural revival)。
移民与文化： 探讨移民带来的文化多样性 (multiculturalism) 以及同化 (assimilation) 与融合 (integration) 的利弊。
媒体与文化： 分析大众媒体 (mass media) 和社交媒体 (social media) 对流行文化 (popular culture) 的影响，以及刻板印象 (stereotype) 和表征 (representation) 问题。
语言与文化： 论述语言作为文化载体的重要性，以及语言流失 (language loss) 和保护 (language preservation) 的挑战。
文化冲突与理解： 探讨文化差异 (cultural differences)、文化冲突 (cultural conflict) 的根源，以及如何通过文化意识 (cultural awareness) 和文化敏感性 (cultural sensitivity) 促进理解。
练习批判性思维： 在论述中展现对文化现象的批判性思考，例如：全球化是促进文化交流还是导致文化同质化？政府应如何平衡文化保护与经济发展？科技如何影响文化传承？
拓展阅读与视听： 阅读《国家地理》、《经济学人》的文化版块，观看纪录片（如BBC的《文明》系列），关注联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）关于文化保护的报告，以获取真实语料和深度见解。